print("Lesson by Siavash Kardar Tehran\nHope you enjoy\nPlease Upvote and Comment your thoughts") """<< Bitwise Shift Operators >> In this simple code we will take a look at functionality of BITWISE SHIFT OPERATORS : << , >> (1) : >> : Bitwise Shift Operator to RIGHT (2) : << : Bitwise Shift Operator to LEFT Both of these operators will first turn the left hand side number to Binary mode (0 and 1s) and then they will shift the numbers to right or left by the number provided at the right hand side of the operand. Summary of Operator procedure: consider two integeres 'a' and 'b' for a >>(<<) b we have: Step1 : convert 'a' from decimal to binary Step2 : shif to the right(left) by 'b' units Step3 : convert the result back to decimal (The result of these steps are the same as you DIVIDE(MULTIPLY) a by 2, b times) It means: (a >> b) == floor(a/(2**b)) #the reason of floor is to handle odd numbers, take a look at second example below. (a << b) == (a*(2**b)) Note that the correct format is either: (int >> int) or (int << int) meaning that str or float types are not supported and if you input them, it will raise TypeError. Lets take a look at some examples: """ #Example 1: print(5 << 4) #it will produce 80 because: """ step1: 5(Decimal) = 101(Binary) step2: shifting 101 four units to left: result(Binary) = 1010000 step3: convert result back to decimal: result(Decimal) = 64 + 16 = 80. """ print(5*(2**4)) """ Important Note: as you can see the result of 5 << 4 is the same as Multiplying 5 by 2, 4 times. thats because in binary mode shifting to right is the same as multiplying by 2. """ #Example 2: print(81 >> 3) #it will produce 10 because: """ step1: 81(Decimal) = 1010001(Binary) step2: shifting 1010001 three units to right: result(Binary) = 1010 step3: convert result back to decimal: result(Decimal) = 8 + 2 = 10. """ from math import floor print(floor(81/(2**3))) #Examples 3: print(150 >> 3) #=18 #150(D)=10010110(B) >> 3: 10010(B)=18(D) print(floor(150/(2**3))) print(150 << 3) #=1200 #150(D)=10010110(B) << 3: 10010110000(B)=1200(D) print(floor(150*(2**3))) #Example 4: print(13 >> 1) #=6 =(12//2) #13(D)=1101(B) >> 1: 110(B)=6(D) print(13//2) #or as you can see for odd numbers you can divide the first even number less than a by b. print(13 << 1) #=26 =(13*2) #13(D)=1101(B) << 1: 11010(B)=26(D) print(13*2)

[PY] Bitwise Shift Operators