#include #include using namespace std; /* This code is in response to bitmonkey's post at https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/2420984/working-with-unsigned-integers-and-bitwise-operators When carrying out bitwise operations on data types shorter than an int inline with a cout operation the data types are implicitly converted to int data types. This causes unsigned data types to be sign extended creating negative values when the most significant bit is set. */ int main(void) { // declare variables used unsigned short y; bitset ushortbits; // assign value to unsigned int y = 65; // display unsigned int as binary, hex and decimal // no inline bitwise operations performed. cout << "Unsigned short test" << endl; ushortbits = y; cout << ushortbits << " " << hex << showbase << y << " " << dec << noshowbase << y << endl; // display unsigned int as binary, hex and decimal // NOTE: inline bitwise operations are performed // during cout operation. ushortbits = ~y; cout << ushortbits << " " << hex << showbase << ~y << " " << dec << noshowbase << ~y << " " << "<--implicit converion to int occurred" << endl; // display unsigned int as binary, hex and decimal // NOTE: inline bitwise operations are performed // during cout operation but we use a typecast // to prevent implicit conversion. ushortbits = ~y; cout << ushortbits << " " << hex << showbase << (unsigned short)~y << " " << dec << noshowbase << (unsigned short)~y << " " << "<--typecast/explicit conversion" << endl; cout << endl; // display unsigned int as binary, hex and decimal // bitwise operation is performed before cout operation. // no inline bitwise operations performed. // no typecasting is required. cout << "Preventing implicit conversion" << endl; y = ~y; ushortbits = y; cout << ushortbits << " " << hex << showbase << y << " " << dec << noshowbase << y << " " << "<--no inline bitwise operation performed" << endl; return 0; } /* * The author of this work hereby waives all claim of copyright * (economic and moral) in this work and immediately places it * in the public domain; it may be used, distorted or destroyed * in any manner whatsoever without further attribution or notice * to the creator. */

Unsigned Integers Again