/* All about strings! This code demonstrates various methods for dealing with strings Source: Learn c++ for game development by Bruce Sutherland */ #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; // string iterators - demonstrates the various iterators available to string type void StringIterators(string theString) { //print string vertically using string::iterator for(string::iterator iter = theString.begin(); iter != theString.end(); ++iter) { cout << *iter << endl; } cout << endl << endl; //print string backwards vertically (?? cuts off first letter) using string::iterator for(string::iterator iter = theString.end() - 1; iter != theString.begin(); --iter) { cout << *iter << endl; } cout << endl << endl; //print string backwards vertically using reverse_iterator (works correctly!) for(string::reverse_iterator iter = theString.rbegin(); iter != theString.rend(); ++iter) { cout << *iter << endl; } cout << endl << endl; // const_iterator for(string::const_iterator iter = theString.cbegin(); iter != theString.cend(); ++iter) { cout << *iter << endl; } cout << endl << endl; // const_reverse_iterator for(string::const_reverse_iterator iter = theString.crbegin(); iter != theString.crend(); ++iter) { cout << *iter << endl; } cout << endl << endl; //auto iterator for(auto iter = theString.begin(); iter != theString.end(); ++iter) { cout << *iter << endl; } cout << endl << endl; //auto iterator - const for(auto iter = theString.cbegin(); iter != theString.cend(); ++iter) { cout << *iter << endl; } cout << endl << endl; // modifying iterator contents for(string::iterator iter= theString.begin(); iter != theString.end(); ++iter) { *iter = 'a'; cout << *iter << endl; } cout << endl << endl; // modifying const_iterator contents for(string::const_iterator iter= theString.cbegin(); iter != theString.cend(); ++iter) { // *iter = 'b'; // nope, can't be done.. it is a constant. cout << *iter << endl; } cout << endl << endl; } void FindInString(string theString) { // Find: Searches the string for the first occurrence of the sequence specified by its arguments. // http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/find/ size_t found = theString.find("is"); // find word position of is (finds "is" in "This") if(found != string::npos) { cout << "is found at position: " << found << endl; } // When pos is specified, the search only includes characters at or after position pos, ignoring any possible occurrences that include characters before pos. found = theString.find("is", found+1); if(found != string::npos) { cout << "is found at position: " << found << endl; } //rfind:finds the last occurance of the sequence specified by its arguments // http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/rfind/ found = theString.rfind("is"); if(found != string::npos) { cout << "is found at position: " << found << endl; } // When pos is specified, the search only includes sequences of characters that begin at or before position pos, ignoring any possible match beginning after pos. found = theString.rfind("is", found-1); if(found != string::npos) { cout << "is found at position: " << found << endl; } // find_first_of: // Find character in string // Searches the string for the first character that matches any of the characters specified in its arguments. // http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/find_first_of/ found = theString.find_first_of("msg"); if(found != string::npos) { cout << "m, s or g found at position: " << found << endl; } } void StringStreamExample() { stringstream theStringStream; theStringStream << "Hi" << endl;; // notice we use stringstreams like cout/cin; cout << "Width: " << theStringStream.width() << endl; // why is this 0? theStringStream << 123 << endl; theStringStream << setw(10) << 123 << endl; theStringStream << setw(0) << 123 << endl; theStringStream << 123.567 << endl; theStringStream << setprecision(4) << 123.567 << endl; theStringStream << fixed << setprecision(2) << 123.567 << endl; // theStringStream << defaultfloat << setprecision(0) << 123.567 << endl; //default float not supported here :( -- patch your compiler sololearn!! //showbase: Show numerical base prefixes // When the showbase format flag is set, numerical integer values inserted into output streams are prefixed with the same prefixes used by C++ literal constants: 0x for hexadecimal values (see hex), 0 for octal values (see oct) and no prefix for decimal-base values (see dec). // http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/ios/showbase/ theStringStream << 110 << endl << showbase; theStringStream << hex << 110 << endl; theStringStream << oct << 110 << endl; theStringStream << dec << 110 << endl << noshowbase; string theString = theStringStream.str(); cout << theString; } int main() { // creating a literal string cout << "Creating string:" << endl; string literalString { "this is a literal string!" }; cout << literalString << endl << endl; cout << "Number of letters:" << endl << literalString.size() << endl << endl; //copying a string cout << "Copying string:" << endl; string copiedString { literalString }; cout << copiedString << endl << endl; cout << "Starting print at 5, prints 5 characters instead." << endl; string Position { "This is a literal string!", 5 }; cout << Position << endl << endl; cout << "Starting print at 5 for 12 characters" << endl; string PositionAndNumber { "This is a literal string!", 5, 4 }; cout << PositionAndNumber << endl << endl; string foo = "This is a string"; //uncomment below to enable functions. StringIterators(foo); FindInString(foo); StringStreamExample(); return 0; }

Working with String