#include // library for input and output. The number sign (#) tells the preprocessor to do something using namespace std; //tells the preprocessor to use the namespace std (standard) // This is a single-line comment /* This is a multiple-line comment */ int main() // Program execution starts with the main function { // beginning of a function cout << "This is output and a line break follows it!" << endl; //Semicolons are essential; you must put them after each line cout << "This also makes a line break:\n"; // the \ character is an escape character and indicates a special character cout << "Blank line:\n\n"; int variable = 10; //Indicate the variable type before the variable name int Variable = 12; //Different variable because C++ is case-sensitive bool var1 = false, var2 = true; // Multiple variables can be declared in one line cout << var1 << var2 << endl; int sum = variable + Variable; cout << sum << endl << endl; int user_input; cin >> user_input; // This takes in input from the user cout << "You just entered: " << user_input << endl << endl; cout << "The + sign adds variables: " << variable + Variable << endl; cout << "The - sign subtracts variables: " << variable - Variable << endl; cout << "The * sign multiplies variables: " << variable * Variable << endl; cout << "The / sign divides variables: " << variable / Variable << endl; cout << "The modulus sign gets the remainder from the integer division of variables: " << variable % Variable << endl; cout << "The operator presidence is the same as the real world (PEMDAS): " << 9 * 8 - 1 << endl << endl; cout << "An equal sign after an arithmetic operator assigns the value and those an operation at the same time: " << endl; int example = 1; cout << "Before: " << example << endl; example += 1; cout << "After: " << example << endl << endl; cout << "The ++ sign is the same as += 1, and the -- sign is the same as -= 1." << endl; int example2 = 0; example2++; cout << example2 << ", "; example2--; cout << example2 << endl; cout << "If the increment or decrement operator (++, --) comes before the variable, it increments or decrements first before doing the operations:" << endl; cout << ++example2 << ", "; cout << example2++ << " but example is actually, " << example; return 0; // terminates the main function (non-zero number usually means abnormal termination). If it is left out, the compiler automatically inserts return 0. }//end of a function

C++ Tutorial Module 1: Basic Concepts Notes