#include using namespace std; class Ratio { friend Ratio operator -(const Ratio&,const Ratio&); friend Ratio operator -(const Ratio&); friend bool operator<(const Ratio&,const Ratio&); public: Ratio(int n=0,int d=1); //default constructor Ratio(const Ratio&);//copy constructor Ratio& operator=(const Ratio&); //operator function void print() { cout<0) { int r=m%n; m=n; n=r; } return m; } //The binary subtraction operator simply constructs and returns a Ratio object z that represents the //difference x-y Ratio operator-(const Ratio& x,const Ratio& y) { Ratio z(x.num*y.den - y.num*x.den, x.den*y.den); //(a/b)-(c/d)=(a*d-b*c)/(b*d) //This algebraic formula can produce a fraction that is not in reduced form, even if x and y //are.. So we call the reduce() utility function //before returning the resulting object z. z.reduce(); return z; } //The unary negation operator overloads the symbol “-”. //It is distinguished from the binary subtraction - operator by its parameter list; //it has only one parameter: Ratio operator-(const Ratio& x) { Ratio y(-x.num,x.den); //To negate a fraction a/b we simply negate its numerator: (-a)/b. return y; //So the newly constructed Ratio //object y has the same denominator as x but its numerator is -x.num. } bool operator<(const Ratio& x,const Ratio& y) { return (x.num*y.den < y.num*x.den);//(a/b)<(c/d)=ad 0 could instead be done in the reduce() function, since //that utility should be called by every member function that allows den to be changed. However, //none of our other member functions allows the sign of den to change, //so by requiring it to be positive when the object is constructed we don’t need to check the condition again. reduce(); } Ratio::Ratio(const Ratio& a) { num=a.num; den=a.den; } Ratio& Ratio::operator=(const Ratio& b) { num=b.num; den=b.den; } int main() { Ratio x(22,7),y(-3,8),z; }

Operator overloading using Ratio Class