import xml.etree.ElementTree as et from xml.dom import minidom import re import random def head(s): print(f'\n{s}\n{len(s)*"-"}\n') def com(s): print(f'{s}\n') def prettify(elem): rs = et.tostring(elem,encoding='utf-8') rp = minidom.parseString(rs) return rp.toprettyxml(indent=" ") head('01. create new element tree') root=et.Element('html') print(prettify(root)) head('02. insert first element \'head\'') et.SubElement(root,'head') print(prettify(root)) com('Tag name must not begin with digit and may not be an empty string.') head('03. insert second element \'body\'') et.SubElement(root,'body') print(prettify(root)) com('By default new elements are inserted at the end.') head('04. insert new element at pos. 1') root.insert(1, et.Element('between')) print(prettify(root)) head('04.1. delete element at pos. x') print('*** not implemented yet ***\n') head('05. change tag name at pos. 1') root[1].tag = 'inside' print(prettify(root)) head('06. set attribute to element at pos. 1') root[1].set('attr','value') print(prettify(root)) head('07. set 2nd attrib. to element at pos. 1') root[1].set('attr2','none') print(prettify(root)) head('08. update attribute \'attr\'') root[1].set('attr','word') print(prettify(root)) head('09. get all attributes of an element') print(root[1].attrib, end='\n\n') com('Attributes are returned as a dictionary.') head('10. delete attribute \'attr\'') root[1].attrib.pop('attr') print(prettify(root)) head('11. add a text to an element') root[1].text = 'Hello World!' print(prettify(root)) head('12. read the text of an element') print(root[1].text, end='\n\n') head('13. print all tag names w/o child tags') for i in root: print(i.tag) print() head('14. print all texts') print(*[f'- {i.text}' for i in root],sep='\n') print() com('If there isn\'t text in a tag, then the value is set to \'None\'.') head('15. print all attributes of all tags') print(*[f'- {i.tag}: {i.attrib}' for i in root],sep='\n') print() com('If there isn\'t an attribute in a tag, then the dictionary is empty.') head('16. inserting part of text into XML-tags') # cleaning and preparing XML root[1].attrib.pop('attr2') root[1].text = 'hello my world' # start of explanation print('=> original XML:\n') print(prettify(root)) print('=> enclosing \'my \' with a -tag:\n') a,b = re.search("my ", root[1].text).span() print(f'=> position of \'my \': [{a}:{b}]\n') t = root[1].text red = et.Element('red') red.text = t[a:b] red.tail = t[b:] root[1].append(red) root[1].text = t[:a] print(prettify(root)) com('Mind that \'world\' is not longer part of the text of the -tag. It is now tail of the -tag instead.') head('17. remove tag from text \'my \'') print('=> original XML:\n') print(prettify(root)) # root[1] is element x = root[1][0] # element print('=> removing tag from \'my \'\n') root[1].text += x.text + x.tail root[1].remove(root[1][0]) print(prettify(root)) head('18. writing XML to disk') print('=> what\'s in memory:\n') print(prettify(root)) mydata = et.tostring(root) myfile = open("temp.xml", "wb") myfile.write(mydata) myfile.close() print('=> testing what\'s on disk:\n') file = open("temp.xml", "r") tmp = file.read() print(tmp) print() file.close() head('19. reading XML from disk') tree = et.parse('temp.xml') roooot = tree.getroot() print(prettify(roooot)) head('20. search elements of certain values') names = ['Anton', 'Berta', 'Carla', 'Detlef', 'Emil', 'Fritz', 'Gustav', 'Heinrich', 'Ingeborg', 'Johanna'] root1 = et.Element('People') for i in names: e = et.Element('elem') e.set('name', i) e.set('score', str(random.randint(1,9))) root1.append(e) print(prettify(root1)) print('=> persons with a score between 4 and 6\n') l = [j for j in root1 if j.attrib['score'] in '456'] for i in l: print(i.attrib['name']) print() head('21. get all elements of a certain tag') s = ''' apple 1 blabla banana 2 Ecuador ''' root1 = et.fromstring(s) print('=> original\n') print(f'{s}\n') print(f'=> found datasets of tag \'item\':\n') for item in root1.findall("item"): et.dump(item) com('\nDoes only refer to the children-layer, not the layers beyond.') head('22. get all elements of an attribute') print('=> original see section 21.\n') print('=> result\n') for item in root1.findall("item"): if item.attrib['color'] == 'yellow': et.dump(item) com('\nDoes only refer to the attribute of the chosen item, not to the same attribute of other items.\n') head('23. flatten element tree') print('=> original see section 21.\n') print('=> result\n') print(*[f''' tag: {elem.tag} attrib: {elem.attrib} text: {'' if elem.text==None else elem.text.strip()} tail: {''if elem.tail==None else elem.tail.strip()} ''' for elem in root1.iter()], sep='\n') head('24. getting parent of element') print('(based on data of section 21)\n') print('=> original see section 21.\n') root1 = et.fromstring(s) parent_map = dict((c, p) for p in root1.iter() for c in p) get_parent = lambda x : parent_map.get(x, None) # taken from # https://web.archive.org/web/20200703234512/http://effbot.org/zone/element.htm print(f'{s}\n') print('=> properties of elem. \'e=root1[2][1]\':') disp = lambda x : print(f' tag: {x.tag}\n attributes: {x.attrib}\n text: "{x.text.strip()}"\n' if x != None else None) e = root1[2][1] disp(e) print('=> parent-element:') disp(get_parent(e)) f = get_parent(e) print(f'=> \'e\' is one of {len(f)} siblings') for i,j in enumerate(f): if j == e: break print(f'=> \'e\' is sibling #{i}\n (counting starts with 0)') print('\n\n=> parent of topmost element \'root1\':\n ', end='') disp(get_parent(root1)) print(' \'None\' means \'no parent above\'.\n') head('25. getting next sibling') print('(based on section 24)\n') print('=> properties of current element \'e\':\n') disp(e) print('=> properties of next element:\n') disp(get_parent(e)[i+1]) head('26. getting previous sibling') print('(based on section 24)\n') print('=> properties of current element \'e\':\n') disp(e) print('=> properties of previous element:\n') disp(get_parent(e)[i-1]) ''' head('--. move tags with content to different place') print('*** not implemented yet ***\n') head('--. converting XML to CSV') print('*** not implemented yet ***\n') head('--. converting CSV to XML') print('*** not implemented yet ***\n') head('--. writing XML-data to SQLite-database') print('*** not implemented yet ***\n') head('--. reading XML-data from SQLite-database') print('*** not implemented yet ***\n') head('--. writing XML-data to zip-file') print('*** not implemented yet ***\n') head('--. reading XML-data from zip-file') print('*** not implemented yet ***\n') ''' ''' additional information: https://sodocumentation.net/de/python/topic/479/xml-bearbeiten https://stackabuse.com/reading-and-writing-xml-files-in-python/ https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2012/03/15/processing-xml-in-python-with-elementtree/ http://www.dr-chuck.com/csev-blog/2008/09/a-simple-python-elementtree-example/ https://towardsdatascience.com/unzip-update-and-zip-again-xmls-in-a-folder-7d57f9710ddb '''

XML cheat sheet [in progress]