/* Just a basic bitmap implementation, I've only been working on it for like a day so don't expect all .bmp types to work with it. Supports creating, loading and saving a 24 and 32 bit bitmap, and of course editing individual pixels. Yes, it actually works with .bmp files and not just for ascii art. The ascii art is just a bonus that is not part of the Bitmap class because no graphics otherwise. Updates: - Added big endian support, hopefully, can't really test it. :( - Fixed saving for bmps that used > 3 bytes per pixel and for bmps that used padding. - Added 8 bit support but only for loading and saving, I might do creating and editing an 8 bitmap later. - Switched the binary string from a 24 bit to an 8 bit image because the string is a bit shorter. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include // Had to add cause compiler changed... something // Displays a window with the image, in color... if sfml is installed... And uncommented. //#define SFML #ifdef SFML #include #endif using u8 = unsigned char; template constexpr T nextMultiple( T value, T multiple ) { static_assert( std::is_integral(), "T must be an integral" ); return ( value + multiple - 1 ) / multiple * multiple; } constexpr bool isBigEndian() { static_assert( sizeof( short ) != sizeof( char ) ); constexpr short w = 0x0001; return reinterpret_cast( &w )[0] == '\x00'; } constexpr bool isLittleEndian() { static_assert( sizeof( short ) != sizeof( char ) ); constexpr short w = 0x0001; return reinterpret_cast( &w )[0] == '\x01'; } constexpr uint16_t bswap16( uint16_t n ) { return (( n & (0xFF << 8) ) >> 8) | (( n & (0xFF << 0) ) << 8); } constexpr uint32_t bswap32( uint32_t n ) { return (( n & (0xFF << 24) ) >> 24) | (( n & (0xFF << 16) ) >> 8) | (( n & (0xFF << 8) ) << 8) | (( n & (0xFF << 0) ) << 24); } constexpr uint64_t bswap64( uint64_t n ) { return uint64_t( bswap32( n & 0xFFFFFFFF ) ) << 32 | uint64_t( bswap32( (n & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) >> 32 ) ); } class NotImplementedException : public std::logic_error { public: NotImplementedException() : std::logic_error("Function not yet implemented") { }; NotImplementedException( const char* error ) : std::logic_error( error ) { }; }; struct RGB { uint8_t r; uint8_t g; uint8_t b; #ifdef SFML operator sf::Color() const { return sf::Color( r, g, b, 255 ); } #endif constexpr RGB(); constexpr RGB( uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b ); uint8_t intensity() const; static uint8_t intensity( RGB rgb ); }; constexpr RGB::RGB() : r( 0 ), g( 0 ), b( 0 ) {} constexpr RGB::RGB( uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b ) : r( r ), g( g ), b( b ) {} uint8_t RGB::intensity() const { return intensity( *this ); } uint8_t RGB::intensity( RGB rgb ) { return 0.2126 * rgb.r + 0.7152 * rgb.g + 0.0722 * rgb.b; } namespace Dennis { class ColorTable { public: ColorTable() = default; ColorTable( int numberOfColors ); void setColor( size_t index, RGB color ); RGB getColor( size_t index ); void setNumberOfColors( int numberOfColors ); private: std::vector m_colors; }; ColorTable::ColorTable( int numberOfColors ) { setNumberOfColors( numberOfColors ); } void ColorTable::setColor( size_t index, RGB color ) { m_colors[index] = color; } RGB ColorTable::getColor( size_t index ) { return m_colors[index]; } void ColorTable::setNumberOfColors( int numberOfColors ) { m_colors.resize( numberOfColors ); } class Bitmap { inline static constexpr int BM = 19778; enum class Compression { BI_RGB, BI_RLE8, BI_RLE4, BI_BITFIELDS, BI_JPEG, BI_PNG, BI_ALPHABITFIELDS, BI_CMYK = 11, BI_CMYKRLE8, BI_CMYKRLE4 }; struct BITMAPFILEHEADER { uint16_t type; uint32_t filesize; uint16_t reserved_0; uint16_t reserved_1; uint32_t offset; // Struct size should be 14 bytes, but since c++ adds 2 bytes for padding, I use this instead static constexpr size_t struct_size() { return sizeof( type ) + sizeof( filesize ) + sizeof( reserved_0 ) + sizeof( reserved_1 ) + sizeof( offset ); } }; struct BITMAPINFOHEADER { uint32_t size; int32_t width; int32_t height; uint16_t colorPlanes; uint16_t bitsPerPixel; uint32_t compression; uint32_t imageSize; int32_t horizontalResolution; int32_t verticalResolution; uint32_t numberOfColors; uint32_t importantColors; static constexpr size_t struct_size() { return sizeof( size ) + sizeof( width ) + sizeof( height ) + sizeof( colorPlanes ) + sizeof( bitsPerPixel ) + sizeof( compression ) + sizeof( imageSize ) + sizeof( horizontalResolution ) + sizeof( verticalResolution ) + sizeof( numberOfColors ) + sizeof( importantColors ); } }; public: enum class BitsPerPixel{ Bit_24, Bit_32 }; explicit Bitmap(); explicit Bitmap( BitsPerPixel bits ); explicit Bitmap( int width, int height, BitsPerPixel bits = BitsPerPixel::Bit_32 ); public: bool loadFromFile( const std::string& filename ); bool loadFromMemory( char* memory, size_t size ); bool saveBitmap( const std::string& filename ); bool createBitmap( int width, int height, BitsPerPixel bits = BitsPerPixel::Bit_32 ); bool createBitmap( BitsPerPixel bits = BitsPerPixel::Bit_32 ); int32_t width() const noexcept { return m_infoHeader.width; } int32_t height() const noexcept { return m_infoHeader.height; } void setResolution( int32_t horizontal, int32_t vertical ); void setPixel( int x, int y, RGB rgb ); RGB getPixel( int x, int y ) const; #ifdef SFML sf::Image toImage() const; #endif private: bool processStream( std::istream& stream ); bool processFileHeader( std::istream& stream ); bool processInfoHeader( std::istream& stream ); bool processPixels( std::istream& stream ); bool processColorTable( std::istream& stream ); template void writeToStream( std::ostream& stream, const T& o ); template void readFromStream( std::istream& stream, T& o ); private: std::vector m_pixels; std::unique_ptr m_colorTable; std::vector m_colorIndices; // Quick hack for now BITMAPFILEHEADER m_fileHeader; BITMAPINFOHEADER m_infoHeader; }; template void Bitmap::writeToStream( std::ostream& stream, const T& o ) { stream.write( reinterpret_cast( &o ), sizeof( T ) ); } template void Bitmap::readFromStream( std::istream& stream, T& o ) { stream.read( reinterpret_cast( &o ), sizeof( T ) ); } Bitmap::Bitmap() : Bitmap( 0, 0 ) {} Bitmap::Bitmap( BitsPerPixel bits ) : Bitmap( 0, 0, bits ) {} Bitmap::Bitmap( int width, int height, BitsPerPixel bits ) { createBitmap( width, height, bits ); } bool Bitmap::loadFromFile( const std::string& filename ) { std::ifstream file( filename, std::ifstream::binary ); return processStream( file ); } bool Bitmap::loadFromMemory( char* memory, size_t size ) { struct membuf : std::streambuf { membuf( char* begin, char* end ) { this->setg( begin, begin, end ); } } buf( memory, memory + size ); std::istream in( &buf ); return processStream( in ); } bool Bitmap::createBitmap( int width, int height, BitsPerPixel bits ) { memset( &m_fileHeader, 0, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) ); memset( &m_infoHeader, 0, sizeof( BITMAPINFOHEADER ) ); m_pixels.clear(); m_pixels.resize( width * height ); int bitsPerPixel = (bits == BitsPerPixel::Bit_32) ? 32 : 24; int bytesPerPixel = bitsPerPixel / CHAR_BIT; m_fileHeader.type = BM; m_fileHeader.filesize = nextMultiple( m_pixels.size() * bytesPerPixel + BITMAPFILEHEADER::struct_size() + BITMAPINFOHEADER::struct_size(), 4 ); m_fileHeader.offset = BITMAPFILEHEADER::struct_size() + BITMAPINFOHEADER::struct_size(); m_infoHeader.size = BITMAPINFOHEADER::struct_size(); m_infoHeader.width = width; m_infoHeader.height = height; m_infoHeader.colorPlanes = 1; m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel = bitsPerPixel; m_infoHeader.compression = static_cast( Compression::BI_RGB ); m_infoHeader.imageSize = 0; m_infoHeader.horizontalResolution = 0; m_infoHeader.verticalResolution = 0; m_infoHeader.numberOfColors = 0; m_infoHeader.importantColors = 0; return true; } bool Bitmap::createBitmap( BitsPerPixel bits ) { createBitmap( 0, 0, bits ); return true; } bool Bitmap::saveBitmap( const std::string& filename ) { std::ofstream file( filename, std::ofstream::binary ); int bytesPerPixel = m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel / CHAR_BIT; int rowSize = m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel * width() / m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel * bytesPerPixel; int padding = nextMultiple( width() * bytesPerPixel, 4 ) - rowSize; m_fileHeader.filesize = nextMultiple( m_pixels.size() * bytesPerPixel + BITMAPFILEHEADER::struct_size() + BITMAPINFOHEADER::struct_size(), 4 ); if( isBigEndian() ) { writeToStream( file, bswap16( m_fileHeader.type ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_fileHeader.filesize ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap16( m_fileHeader.reserved_0 ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap16( m_fileHeader.reserved_1 ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_fileHeader.offset ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_infoHeader.size ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_infoHeader.width ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_infoHeader.height ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap16( m_infoHeader.colorPlanes ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap16( m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_infoHeader.compression ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_infoHeader.imageSize ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_infoHeader.horizontalResolution ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_infoHeader.verticalResolution ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_infoHeader.numberOfColors ) ); writeToStream( file, bswap32( m_infoHeader.importantColors ) ); } else { writeToStream( file, m_fileHeader.type ); writeToStream( file, m_fileHeader.filesize ); writeToStream( file, m_fileHeader.reserved_0 ); writeToStream( file, m_fileHeader.reserved_1 ); writeToStream( file, m_fileHeader.offset ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.size ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.width ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.height ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.colorPlanes ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.compression ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.imageSize ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.horizontalResolution ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.verticalResolution ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.numberOfColors ); writeToStream( file, m_infoHeader.importantColors ); } if( m_colorTable ) { for( uint32_t i = 0; i < m_infoHeader.numberOfColors; ++i ) { RGB rgb = m_colorTable->getColor( i ); writeToStream( file, rgb.b ); writeToStream( file, rgb.g ); writeToStream( file, rgb.r ); writeToStream( file, (char)0xFF ); // Padding } for( auto i : m_colorIndices ) { writeToStream( file, i ); } } else { for( int y = 0; y < height(); ++y ) { int py = (height() - 1 - y); for( int x = 0; x < width(); ++x ) { int px = x; RGB rgb = getPixel( px, py ); writeToStream( file, rgb.b ); writeToStream( file, rgb.g ); writeToStream( file, rgb.r ); for( int i = 3; i < bytesPerPixel; ++i ) { writeToStream( file, (char)0xFF ); } } for( int i = 0; i < padding; ++i ) writeToStream( file, (char)0xFF ); } } return true; } bool Bitmap::processStream( std::istream& stream ) { if( !processFileHeader( stream ) ) { return false; } if( !processInfoHeader( stream ) ) { return false; } if( !processPixels( stream ) ) { return false; } return true; } bool Bitmap::processFileHeader( std::istream& stream ) { readFromStream( stream, m_fileHeader.type ); readFromStream( stream, m_fileHeader.filesize ); readFromStream( stream, m_fileHeader.reserved_0 ); readFromStream( stream, m_fileHeader.reserved_1 ); readFromStream( stream, m_fileHeader.offset ); if( isBigEndian() ) { m_fileHeader.type = bswap16( m_fileHeader.type ); m_fileHeader.filesize = bswap32( m_fileHeader.filesize ); m_fileHeader.reserved_0 = bswap16( m_fileHeader.reserved_0 ); m_fileHeader.reserved_1 = bswap16( m_fileHeader.reserved_1 ); m_fileHeader.offset = bswap32( m_fileHeader.offset ); } /* std::cout << "BITMAPFILEHEADER:\n" << "FileType: " << reinterpret_cast( &m_fileHeader.type ) << '\n' << "FileSize: " << m_fileHeader.filesize << '\n' << "Reserved_0: " << m_fileHeader.reserved_0 << '\n' << "Reserved_1: " << m_fileHeader.reserved_1 << '\n' << "Offset: " << m_fileHeader.offset << "\n\n"; */ return true; } bool Bitmap::processInfoHeader( std::istream& stream ) { uint32_t headerType; readFromStream( stream, headerType ); if( ( isBigEndian() && bswap32( headerType ) != 40 ) || headerType != 40 ) { // Only the BITMAPINFOHEADER is supported for now throw NotImplementedException(); } m_infoHeader.size = headerType; readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.width ); readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.height ); readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.colorPlanes ); readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel ); readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.compression ); readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.imageSize ); readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.horizontalResolution ); readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.verticalResolution ); readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.numberOfColors ); readFromStream( stream, m_infoHeader.importantColors ); if( isBigEndian() ) { m_infoHeader.size = bswap32( m_infoHeader.size ); m_infoHeader.width = bswap32( m_infoHeader.width ); m_infoHeader.height = bswap32( m_infoHeader.height ); m_infoHeader.colorPlanes = bswap16( m_infoHeader.colorPlanes ); m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel = bswap16( m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel ); m_infoHeader.compression = bswap32( m_infoHeader.compression ); m_infoHeader.imageSize = bswap32( m_infoHeader.imageSize ); m_infoHeader.horizontalResolution = bswap32( m_infoHeader.horizontalResolution ); m_infoHeader.verticalResolution = bswap32( m_infoHeader.verticalResolution ); m_infoHeader.numberOfColors = bswap32( m_infoHeader.numberOfColors ); m_infoHeader.importantColors = bswap32( m_infoHeader.importantColors ); } if( m_infoHeader.colorPlanes != 1 ) { return false; } if( !(m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel == 32 || m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel == 24 || m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel == 8) ) { // Only 8, 24 and 32 bit BMP's are supported for now throw NotImplementedException(); } if( m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel <= 8 ) { if( !processColorTable( stream ) ) { return false; } } if( m_infoHeader.compression == static_cast( Compression::BI_BITFIELDS ) || m_infoHeader.compression == static_cast( Compression::BI_ALPHABITFIELDS ) ) { // Requires implementation of extra bit masks throw NotImplementedException(); } /* std::cout << "BITMAPINFOHEADER:\n" << "header size: " << m_infoHeader.size << '\n' << "width: " << m_infoHeader.width << '\n' << "height: " << m_infoHeader.height << '\n' << "color planes: " << m_infoHeader.colorPlanes << '\n' << "bitsPerPixel: " << m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel << '\n' << "Compression: " << m_infoHeader.compression << '\n' << "ImageSize: " << m_infoHeader.imageSize << '\n' << "hResolution: " << m_infoHeader.horizontalResolution << '\n' << "vResolution: " << m_infoHeader.verticalResolution << '\n' << "numberOfColors: " << m_infoHeader.numberOfColors << '\n' << "importantColors: " << m_infoHeader.importantColors << "\n\n"; */ return true; } bool Bitmap::processPixels( std::istream& stream ) { m_pixels.resize( width() * height() ); int bytesPerPixel = m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel / CHAR_BIT; int rowSize = m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel * width() / m_infoHeader.bitsPerPixel * bytesPerPixel; int padding = nextMultiple( width() * bytesPerPixel, 4 ) - rowSize; std::unique_ptr pixelArray( new u8[rowSize + padding] ); m_colorIndices.clear(); for( int y = 0; y < height(); ++y ) { int ny = (height() - 1 - y); if( !stream.read( reinterpret_cast( pixelArray.get() ), rowSize + padding ) ) return false; for( int x = 0; x < rowSize / bytesPerPixel; ++x ) { if( m_colorTable ) { m_pixels.at( x + ny * width() ) = m_colorTable->getColor( pixelArray[x] ); m_colorIndices.push_back( pixelArray[x] ); } else { m_pixels.at( x + ny * width() ) = RGB( pixelArray[x * bytesPerPixel + 2], pixelArray[x * bytesPerPixel + 1], pixelArray[x * bytesPerPixel + 0] ); } } } return true; } bool Bitmap::processColorTable( std::istream& stream ) { m_colorTable.reset( new ColorTable( m_infoHeader.numberOfColors ) ); u8 color[4]; for( uint32_t i = 0; i < m_infoHeader.numberOfColors; ++i ) { if( !stream.read( reinterpret_cast( color ), 4 ) ) return false; m_colorTable->setColor( i, RGB( color[2], color[1], color[0] ) ); } return true; } void Bitmap::setResolution( int32_t horizontal, int32_t vertical ) { m_infoHeader.horizontalResolution = horizontal; m_infoHeader.verticalResolution = vertical; } void Bitmap::setPixel( int x, int y, RGB rgb ) { m_pixels.at( x + y * width() ) = rgb; } RGB Bitmap::getPixel( int x, int y ) const { return m_pixels.at( x + y * width() ); } #ifdef SFML sf::Image Bitmap::toImage() const { sf::Image img; img.create( width(), height() ); for( int y = 0; y < height(); ++y ) { for( int x = 0; x < width(); ++x ) { img.setPixel( x, y, getPixel( x, y ) ); } } return img; } #endif } std::string toAsciiArt( const Dennis::Bitmap& bm ) { std::string art; for( int y = 0; y < bm.height(); ++y ) { for( int x = 0; x < bm.width(); ++x ) { RGB pixel = bm.getPixel( x, y ); // I dunno, I just kinda randomly picked something, I like s2 :) std::string s0 = "$@B%8&WM#*omZ0QLCJUYXzcvunxrjt/\\|()1{}[]?-_+~<>i!lI;:o`'. "; std::string s1 = "$@&WM#*omZUYXzcvunxrjt/\\|()lI;:o`'. "; std::string s2 = "$#*omZ0Qrjt/\\|(>i!lI;:o`'. "; std::string s3 = "$#*mZ0Q/\\|(>i;:o`'. "; const std::string& texture = s2; // <--- change this to a different string for a different texture auto intensity = pixel.intensity(); // Dunno if this is correct, lel int index = static_cast( intensity ) / std::ceil(256.0 / texture.size() ); art += texture[index]; } art += '\n'; } return art; } int main() { using namespace Dennis; Bitmap bm; // I converted the memory of the actual file to a bunch of numbers, alternative for sololearn because no reading files char mem[] = 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if( !bm.loadFromMemory( mem, std::size( mem ) - 7 ) ) { return -1; } // bm.saveBitmap( "save.bmp" ); std::cout << toAsciiArt( bm ) << '\n'; std::cout << "Can't display big pictures on sololearn :(\n"; #ifdef SFML sf::Image img = bm.toImage(); sf::RenderWindow window( sf::VideoMode::getDesktopMode(), "Bitmap example" ); sf::Texture texture; texture.loadFromImage( img ); sf::Sprite sprite; sprite.setTexture( texture ); sprite.setScale( (double)window.getSize().x / bm.width(), (double)window.getSize().y / bm.height() ); while( window.isOpen() ) { sf::Event event; while( window.pollEvent( event ) ) { switch( event.type ) { case sf::Event::Closed: window.close(); break; } } window.clear(); window.draw( sprite ); window.display(); } #endif return 0; }

Bitmap ascii art