#include using namespace std; /************** function prototypes *****************/ int pbr(int newnum[]); int pbr_via_pointer(int *newnum); int *return_parameter(int *newnum); int *return_allocated_memory(int *newnum); int *(*return_allocated_memory1(int *newnum)); /*****************************************************/ /***************** main function *********************/ int main() { int num[1]{7}; cout << num[0] << endl; cout << pbr(num) << " " << num[0] << endl; cout << pbr_via_pointer(num) << " " << num[0] << endl; int *return_pointer_from_function{nullptr}; return_pointer_from_function = return_parameter(num); cout << *return_parameter(num) << " " << num[0] << endl; int *return_pointer_from_function1{nullptr}; return_pointer_from_function = return_allocated_memory(num); cout << *return_allocated_memory(num) << " " << num[0] << endl; // cout << *return_pointer_from_function <<" "<< num[0] << endl; delete[] return_pointer_from_function; int *return_pointer_to_pointer_from_function{nullptr}; return_pointer_to_pointer_from_function = *return_allocated_memory1(num); cout << *(*return_allocated_memory1(num)) << " " << num[0] << endl; //cout << *return_pointer_to_pointer_from_function <<" "<< num[0] << endl; delete[] return_pointer_to_pointer_from_function; return 0; } /*****************************************************/ /*************** function definitions ****************/ int pbr(int newnum[]) { newnum[0] = 5; return newnum[0]; } int pbr_via_pointer(int *newnum) { *newnum = 9; //int num1[]{3}; //newnum=num1; return *(newnum + 0); //return newnum[0]; } int *return_parameter(int *newnum) { *newnum = 80; return (newnum + 0); //return newnum[0]; } int *return_allocated_memory(int *newnum) { newnum = new int; *newnum = 90; return (newnum + 0); } int *(*return_allocated_memory1(int *newnum)) { newnum = new int; *newnum = 100; return &(newnum); } /******************** The End ***********************/

pass by ref in arrays via ref & pointers