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MUSIC THEORY & INSTRUMENTS(MUTHINS)

DEFINITION OF MUSIC

Music is sound that has been organized by using rhythm, melody or harmony.

BASIC MUSIC ELEMENTS

Sound (overtone, timbre, pitch, amplitude, duration)
Melody
Harmony
Rhythm
Texture
Structure/Form
Expression (dynamics, tempo, articulation)

***Details of each elements coming soon***.

IMPORTANT MUSICAL TERMS

1. Staff

Musical notes are written on a staff. A staff is made up of five horizontal lines and the four spaces between the lines. It's just like the music hand that has five fingers and four spaces between them. The vertical lines on the staff are called bars. The space between two bar lines is called a measure. All music is divided into measures.

2. Clefs

A clef (from French clef "key") is a musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes.Placed on a stave, it indicates the name and pitch of the notes on one of the lines. This line serves as a reference point by which the names of the notes on any other line or space of the stave may be determined. There are three forms of clef used in modern music notation: F, C, and G. They include: 1)F clef known as the bass clef 2)G clef known as the Treble clef and 3) C clef which is subdivided into; a)Suprano b) Mezzo-soprano c)Alto d)Tenor e) Baritone. [DETAILS ON CLEF COMING SOON].

3. Ledger lines

Most times the five lines and four spaces og What seems like a problem is solved by ledger lines. When we run out of room on the staff we add ledger (or leger) lines. These very short lines extend the 5 line, 4 space staff, allowing us to add extra notes. They can be added above or below the treble and bass staff. Those below the staff are the lower notes, while those above are higher notes.

4.Grand staff

The grand staff contains both the treble and bass clefs, connected by ledger lines and middle C. Middle C is located one line below the treble clef and one line above the bass clef. But it’s not in either clef.

5.Barline & dots

A bar line (or barline) is a single vertical line used to divide a musical staff into measures. It could also be double to separate a section within a musical piece. Bold double bar lines signifies the end of a musical movement or an entire piece. A dot that is placed after the note to indicate a change in the duration of a note. The dot adds half of the value of the note to itself. For example, a dotted half note gets 3 beats - value of a half note is 2, half of 2 is 1 so 2 + 1 = 3. dotted whole note = 6 beats.

6.Time Signature

The time signature on a musical staff tells you the meter of the music by defining both the number of beats (counts) in a measure and the type of note that fills one beat (count). Most time signatures contain two numbers. The top number tells you how many beats there are in a measure. The bottom number tells you what kind of note gets a beat.

7.Key Signature

In musical notation, a key signature is a set of sharp (♯), flat (♭), and rarely, natural (♮) symbols placed together on the staff. It indicates the key the music is written with. Key signatures are generally written immediately after the clef at the beginning of a line of musical notation, although they can appear in other parts of a score, notably after a double barline.

8.Notes

A tone can be a whole note, half note, quater note, eighth note, sixteenth note, thirtysecond note, or sixty-fourth note. There are also the triplets: 8th-note triplets, 16th-note triplets and even 32nd-note triplets.The difference is how long the tone lasts. A whole note lasts twice as long as a half note. A half note lasts twice as long as a quarter note, and so forth.

9. Rest

Music is sound and silence. The silence part is made up of pauses between notes. There is no sound during a pause. A pause is called a “rest”. Just like notes, there are whole rests, half rests, quarter rests, eighth rests, sixteenth rests, thirty-second rests, and sixty-fourthrests. A whole rest would last twice as long as a half rest. A half rest would last twice as long as a quarter rest, and so forth.

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