String.prototype.isWhitespace = function() { return this == " " || this == "\t" || this == "\n" } String.prototype.isNumeric = function() { return this.charCodeAt(0) >= 48 && this.charCodeAt(0) <= 57 } String.prototype.isAlphabetic = function() { let char = this.charCodeAt(0); return char >= 65 && (char <= 90 || (char >= 97 && char <= 122)) } String.prototype.oneOf = function(...options) { return options.includes(this.toString()) } String.prototype.makeOfLength = function(length, fill = " ") { return this + fill.repeat(length - this.length) } String.prototype.replaceAll = function(text, alt) { let replaced = this.toString() while (replaced.includes(text)) replaced = replaced.replace(text, alt) return replaced } const RustLang = { Operators: ["+", "=", "-", "/", ">", "<", "*", "&", "|", "!", "?", ".", ":"], Keywords: ["use", "pub", "impl", "for", "let", "self", "Self", "ref", "while", "loop", "trait", "struct", "enum", "type", "async", "await", "as", "break", "continue", "match", "mod", "move", "mut", "fn", "extern", "in", "mod", "return", "static", "super", "unsafe", "where", "dyn", "const"], ReservedKeywords: ["abstract", "become", "box", "do", "final", "macro", "override", "priv", "typeof", "unsized", "virtual", "yield", "try"], CommonTypes: ["Option", "Result", "Some", "None", "Vec", "String", "Ok", "Err", "Debug", "Display", "Iterator", "Eq", "PartialEq", "Add", "Sub", "Mul", "Div", "Deref", "Hash", "Copy", "Clone"], PrimitiveTypes: ["u8", "i8", "u16", "i16", "u32", "i32", "u64", "i64", "u128", "i128", "usize", "f32", "f64", "isize", "str", "char", "true", "false", "bool", "integer"], Delimiters: ['(', '[', ']', ')', '{', '}', ';', ',', '.'] } const Enum = { Operator: 0, Keyword: 1, ReservedKeyword: 2, CommonType: 3, PrimitiveType: 4, String: 5, Numeric: 6, Char: 7, Comment: 8, Delimiter: 9, Other: 10, Whitespace: 11 } class Token { constructor(value, type) { this.value = value this.type = type } toString() { return this.value.toString() } //"Token-" + this.value.toString().replace("\n", "\\n") } } class Lexer { constructor(code, lang) { this.code = code this.lang = lang this.current = 0 } tokenize() { let tokens = [] while (this.current < this.code.length) { let current_char = this.code.charAt(this.current) if (current_char.isWhitespace()) tokens.push(new Token(current_char, Enum.Whitespace)) else if (this.lang.Operators.includes(current_char)) { if (current_char == "/" && this.code.charAt(this.current + 1) == "/") { let comment = "//" this.current += 2 while (this.code.charAt(this.current) != "\n") { comment += this.code.charAt(this.current) if (++this.current >= this.code.length) break } tokens.push(new Token(comment , Enum.Comment)) tokens.push(new Token("\n", Enum.Whitespace)) } else if (current_char == "/" && this.code.charAt(this.current + 1) == "*") { let comment = "/*" this.current += 2; while (true) { if (this.current >= this.code.length || (this.code.charAt(this.current) == "*" && this.code.charAt(this.current + 1) == "/")) break; comment += this.code.charAt(this.current++) } comment += "*/" this.current++; comment.split("\n") .forEach(line => tokens.push(new Token(line, Enum.Comment), new Token("\n", Enum.Whitespace))) } else tokens.push(new Token(current_char, Enum.Operator)) } else if (this.lang.Delimiters.includes(current_char)) tokens.push(new Token(current_char, Enum.Delimiter)) else if (current_char.isNumeric()) tokens.push(this.collectNumeric()) else if (current_char == '"') tokens.push(this.collectString()) else if (current_char == '\'') { let char if (this.code.charAt(++this.current) == '\\') char = this.code.charAt(++this.current) else if (this.code.charAt(this.current) == '\'') throw new Error("empty char literal") else char = this.code.charAt(this.current) if (this.code.charAt(++this.current) != '\'') throw new Error("char of length > 1") tokens.push(new Token(char, Enum.Char)) } else if (current_char.isAlphabetic()) tokens.push(this.collectToken()) this.current++ } return tokens } collectString() { let string = "" let currentc = this.code.charAt(++this.current) let escape = false while (currentc != '"' || escape) { if (currentc == "\\") escape = true else { string += currentc escape = false } currentc = this.code.charAt(++this.current) if (this.current >= this.length) throw new Error("unexpected EOF") } return new Token(string, Enum.String) } collectToken() { let token = this.code.charAt(this.current++) let currentc = this.code.charAt(this.current) while (currentc.isAlphabetic() || currentc.isNumeric() || currentc == "_") { token += currentc currentc = this.code.charAt(++this.current) if (this.current >= this.code.length) break } this.current--; let type; if (this.lang.Keywords.includes(token)) type = Enum.Keyword else if (this.lang.ReservedKeywords.includes(token)) type = Enum.ReservedKeyword else if (this.lang.CommonTypes.includes(token)) type = Enum.CommonType else if (this.lang.PrimitiveTypes.includes(token)) type = Enum.PrimitiveType else type = Enum.Other return new Token(token, type) } collectNumeric() { let number = this.code.charAt(this.current++); let currentc = this.code.charAt(this.current) let type = 0 while (currentc.isNumeric() || currentc == "." || currentc == "_") { if (currentc == ".") { if (type == 1) throw new Error("Found two decimal points in 1 numeric literal") type = 1 } number += currentc currentc = this.code.charAt(++this.current) if (this.current >= this.code.length) throw new Error("unexpected EOF") } let suffix = "" currentc = this.code.charAt(this.current) if (currentc == "_") { suffix = "_" currentc = this.code.charAt(++this.current) } while (currentc.isAlphabetic() || currentc.isNumeric()) { suffix += currentc if (++this.current >= this.code.length) throw new Error("unexpected EOF") currentc = this.code.charAt(this.current) } this.current-- if (suffix.charAt(0) == "_") suffix = suffix.slice(1) if (suffix.length > 0 && (!this.lang.PrimitiveTypes.includes(suffix) || !suffix[0].oneOf('u', 'i', 'f'))) throw new Error("invalid number literal") return new Token(number + ((suffix.length > 0)? suffix : ""), Enum.Numeric) } } const highlightToken = (token, klass, escape = true) => `${escape? _.escape(token): token}` const SPACE = " " const NEWLINE = "
" const highlight = (code, lang, split_into_lines) => { let tokens = new Lexer(code, lang).tokenize() // document.write("[" + tokens.join("\n") + "]
") let finalCode = "" let tab = 0 for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { let token = tokens[i] switch (token.type) { case Enum.Keyword: finalCode += highlightToken(token, "keyword"); break case Enum.Operator: finalCode += highlightToken(token, "operator"); break case Enum.ReservedKeyword: finalCode += highlightToken(token, "reserved"); break case Enum.CommonType: finalCode += highlightToken(token, "common-type"); break case Enum.PrimitiveType: finalCode += highlightToken(token, "primitive"); break case Enum.String: finalCode += highlightToken(`"${token}"`, "string"); break case Enum.Numeric: finalCode += highlightToken(token, "numeric"); break case Enum.Char: finalCode += highlightToken(`'${token}'`, "string"); break case Enum.Comment: finalCode += highlightToken(token, "comment")/*.replaceAll("\n", "
")*/ ; break case Enum.Whitespace: if (token.value == "\n") finalCode += "\n" else if (token.value == " ") finalCode += SPACE else if (token.value == "\t") finalCode += SPACE.repeat(4) break case Enum.Delimiter: finalCode += _.escape(token); break case Enum.Other: let next = tokens[i + 1] if ( next !== undefined && ((next.type == Enum.Delimiter && next.value == "(") || (next.type == Enum.Operator && next.value == "!" && tokens[i + 1].type == Enum.Delimiter && tokens[i + 1].value == "(")) ) { finalCode += highlightToken(token, "function") } else finalCode += _.escape(token) } } let lines = finalCode.trim().split("\n"); // document.write("[" + lines.map(token => (token == "\n")? "\\n": token).join(", ") + "]
") let maxLn = lines.length.toString().length /*document.write(finalCode.split("\n") .map((line, num) => _.escape(highlightToken((num + 1).toString().makeOfLength(maxLn), "line-num", false) + SPACE + highlightToken(line, "line", false))) .join("
"))*/ if (split_into_lines === false) return finalCode else return lines .map((line, num) => highlightToken((num + 1).toString().makeOfLength(maxLn), "line-num", false) + SPACE + highlightToken(line, "line", false)) .join("
") } const highlightShell = code => { return code.split("\n") .map(line => { if (line.trim().slice(0, 5) == "") } onload = () => { alert("If it looks a bit off on your device, please tell me in the comments as I've made this on a tablet. Also, if you see any problem in the way I've explained something or if I said something wrong, feel free to point it out.") alert("A special thanks to Aaron Eberhardt for helping me fix problems and refine my CSS") document.querySelectorAll("code.highlight").forEach(node => { node.innerHTML = highlight(_.unescape(node.innerHTML).trim(), RustLang, node.classList.contains("show-lines")) }) document.querySelectorAll("code.shell").forEach(node => { let html = "" for (let child of node.children) { if (child.matches(".command")) { if (child.innerHTML.includes("#")) html += highlightToken("$", "command-begin") + SPACE + child.innerHTML.slice(0, child.innerHTML.indexOf("#")).trim() + highlightToken(child.innerHTML.slice(child.innerHTML.indexOf("#")), "comment") + "
" else html += highlightToken("$", "command-begin") + SPACE + child.innerHTML + "
" } else html += child.innerHTML + "
" } node.innerHTML = html }) document.querySelectorAll(".space").forEach(node => { node.innerHTML = SPACE.repeat(Number(node.getAttribute("value"))) }) let fontSetterOpen = false; const initialFontSize = parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector("p")).getPropertyValue("font-size")) let ratios = { code: 9/11, h1: 14/11, h2: 13/11, h3: 12/11 } const fontSetterDiv = document.querySelector("#font-setter") const fontSetter = fontSetterDiv.querySelector('input[type="range"].uk-range') const fontSetterValue = fontSetterDiv.querySelector("label#value") fontSetter.value = initialFontSize fontSetterValue.innerText = initialFontSize + "px" document.querySelector("#font-settings-opener").addEventListener("click", e => { if (!fontSetterOpen) { fontSetterDiv.style.display = "block" prevTopOffset = window.pageYOffset $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $(fontSetterDiv).offset().top }, 1000) e.target.innerText = "Go Back" } else { fontSetterDiv.style.display = "none" $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: prevTopOffset }, 1000) e.target.innerText = "Font Size" } fontSetterOpen = !fontSetterOpen }) fontSetter.addEventListener("input", e => { document.querySelectorAll("p, ol, ul, .navigator > *").forEach(node => node.style.fontSize = e.target.value + "px") document.querySelectorAll("code").forEach(node => node.style.fontSize = (e.target.value * ratios.code) + "px") document.querySelectorAll("h1").forEach(node => node.style.fontSize = (e.target.value * ratios.h1) + "px") document.querySelectorAll("h2").forEach(node => node.style.fontSize = (e.target.value * ratios.h2) + "px") document.querySelectorAll("h3").forEach(node => node.style.fontSize = (e.target.value * ratios.h3) + "px") fontSetterValue.innerText = e.target.value + "px" }) document.querySelectorAll(".execute").forEach(parent => { const iframe = document.createElement("iframe") const run = document.createElement("button") run.appendChild(document.createTextNode("Run")) const code = parent.children[0] parent.removeChild(code) let displayed = true parent.appendChild(run) parent.appendChild(iframe) parent.appendChild(code) let codeContent = "#![allow(unused)]\n" let wrapMain = parent.classList.contains("wrap-main"); if (wrapMain) codeContent += "fn main() {\n" for (let child of code.children){ if (child.classList.contains("line")) codeContent += (wrapMain? "\t": "") + child.innerText.replaceAll("\u00A0", " ") + "\n" } if (wrapMain) codeContent += "}" iframe.style.display = "none" code.style.display = "block" iframe.setAttribute( "src", `https://play.rust-lang.org?edition=2018&mode=debug&release=stable&code=${encodeURIComponent(codeContent)}` ) run.addEventListener("click", e => { iframe.style.display = (displayed)? "block": "none" code.style.display = (!displayed)? "block": "none" displayed = !displayed if (!displayed) { run.textContent = "Revert" } else { run.textContent = "Run" } }) }) }

Introduction to Rust - Part 2 - Sub-part 1