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You can learn Python if you want to go in Artificial Intelligence (AI) or want to become a data scientist.

You can learn C++ if you want to make Software or game.

You can learn C if you want to make enterprise applications, games, Graphic User Interface (GUI), Compiler.

You can learn C# if you want to make windows applications, mobile applications, client-server applications and database applications.

You can learn Java or Kotlin if you want to make android application. Java also use to write AI programmes.

You can learn Swift if you want to make iOS application.

You can learn Java or PHP if you want to make websites.

You can learn SQL also if you want to be a database expert Because there are so many good Job as a Database expert or database designer or database analyst. Though SQL is not Programming Language but it has so much scope.

You can learn HTML, CSS, JavaScript. Though these are also not Programming Languages but you can make static and interactive website.

JavaScript

JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is lightweight and most commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow a client-side script to interact with the user and make dynamic pages.

JavaScript do not create stand-alone applications. JavaScript is implemented using JavaScript statements that are placed within the <script>... </script>

Java

Java is a programming language invented by James Gosling and developed by Sun Microsystems. It took a little over 10 days to develop — it was close to four years old. In 1991, a group of Sun Microsystem engineers worked the “Green Team” day and night to create Java. It was first released in 1995, and many new versions have been launched since then. Today’s Internet is absolutely saturated with Java-based programming, and we have Java to thank for the many applications that make day-to-day life easier. Java is currently owned by Oracle.

Java has strongly typed language whereas JavaScript is loosely typed language i.e. we need to declare variables using set object before using them whereas in JavaScript we can use a variable in a flexible way.
Java is a compiled and interpreted programming language and executed on JVM which requires JDK and JRE whereas JavaScript is interpreted which is executed on a browser and it is plain text.
Java is platform independent with bytecode whereas JavaScript code is written is based on browser compatibility as some code might work on specific versions of browsers and doesn’t work on different versions of the same browser.
Java has statically typed language whereas JavaScript is dynamically typed language as variables declared at compile time with the data type and JavaScript can accept different kinds of data types.
In Java, we have the support of constructor whereas in JavaScript constructor is a function and no rules for constructors in JavaScript like in Java.
Java is class-based programming language whereas JavaScript is prototype based although it has object-oriented programming abilities.
Java ends non-block statements with a semicolon whereas JavaScript uses semicolons at end of certain lines.
Java has an implicit class scope whereas JavaScript has the implicit global scope.
Java has support for different numeric data types whereas JavaScript mostly deals with floating point data types.
Java has switch structure which accepts only constants whereas JavaScript also has switch structure which accepts any values.
Java has the support of annotations on classes whereas JavaScript has decorators on same declarations with different semantics.
JavaScript has support for closures where we can pass a function as an argument to another function whereas Java doesn’t have this support but can be achieved using an anonymous class.
Java has the support of Enum data type by which we can declare a set of constants whereas JavaScript doesn’t have set a constant declaration.
Both Java and JavaScript languages are open source by inherently as we can edit or modify the actual code and use. Java achieves concurrency using thread based approach whereas JavaScript uses event-based mechanism.

If you’re an aspiring programmer, it can be hard to choose where to start. There is an incredibly vast number of programming languages you could learn, but which ones among C#, C++, and C will be the most useful?

What is C?

Dennis Ritchie invented it in 1972 and then published in 1978. Ritchie designed it for the development of a new version of Unix.

Up until that point, the Unix operating system used assembly language, which is the lowest level of programming readable by a computer. The invention of C revolutionized programming and operating systems forever. The rest, as they say, is history.

C is still a low-level programming language, which performs almost as efficiently as assembly code. It provides base-level access to memory, and it requires very little runtime support.

Most old-school programmers will suggest that C is the best programming language to start with because so many newer languages build off of it. It may also offer some security benefits because of its age. The pool of people using it is smaller, making it a less desirable target for hackers.

What is C++?

C++ was developed as an extension of the C programming language. It was created by a Ph.D. student in Denmark named Bjarne Stroustrup. His goal was to enhance C and add object-oriented programming capabilities without sacrificing speed or efficiency.

C++ is considered an intermediate-level programming language, as it builds upon the low-level C language but has more advanced capabilities.

Since the initial publication of C++ in 1985, it has become another extremely prolific programming language. It’s used alongside C in the development of operating systems but also sees use in high-profile server and PC software.

It’s a lot easier to understand C++ if you already have a solid foundation in the C programming language; however, you can still learn C++ as your first language if you want to jump right into object-oriented programming.

What is C#?

C# (pronounced “C Sharp”) is a high-level, object-oriented programming language that is also built as an extension of C. It was developed by a team at Microsoft lead by Anders Hejlsberg in 2002. It’s based in the .NET framework, but its backbone is still clearly the C language.

C# compiles into byte-code, rather than machine code. That means it executes on a virtual computer that translates it into machine code on the fly. It adds garbage collection, uninitialized variable checking, bound checking, and type checking capabilities to the base C code.

C# typically sees use in internal or enterprise applications, rather than commercial software. It’s found in client and server development in the .NET framework.

Major Differences

C and C++ are remarkably similar programming languages, though there are still plenty of differences. C#, on the other hand, has more in common with languages like Java. Here’s an easy guide to understanding the differences between C#, C++, and C.

C vs. C++

The original C programming language is not object-oriented, which is the most significant difference between the two. C is what’s called a “procedural” programming language, while C++ is a hybrid language that’s a combination of procedural and object-oriented.

There are other key differences between C and C++.

C++ was built as an extension of C, which means it can run most C code. The reverse isn’t true though—C can’t run C++ code.
As an object-oriented language, C++ supports polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance, while C does not.
In C, data and functions are “free entities,” which means you can manipulate them with outside code. Since C++ encapsulates data and functions together into a single object, those data structures and operators are hidden to outside code.
C++ uses the namespace, which organizes code into logical groups and to prevent name collisions. Name collisions can occur when your code base includes multiple libraries. C does not use a namespace.
C uses functions for input and output, whereas C++ uses objects for input and output.
C++ supports reference variables, which C does not. A reference variable is an alias for an already existing variable, used to create a short-hand notation for faster coding.
C does not provide error or exception handling, but C++ does.

C++ vs. C#+

While C++ is an object-oriented language, C# is considered a component-oriented programming language.

Here are some other major differences between C++ and C#.

C++ compiles into machine code, while C# compiles to CLR, which is interpreted by ASP.NET.
C++ requires you to handle memory manually, but C# runs in a virtual machine which can automatically handle memory management.
C# does not use pointers, while C++ can use pointers anywhere.
C++ can be used on any platform, though it was originally designed for Unix-based systems. C# is standardized but is rarely used outside of Windows environments.
C++ can create stand-alone and console applications. C# can create a console, Windows, ASP.NET, and mobile applications, but cannot create stand-alone apps.

C vs. C#

While C and C# are technically related to each other, they’re enormously different languages, so there are more differences than similarities between them. Having a background in C can be useful for learning C# because some of the syntaxes are similar; however, C#’s syntax is so forgiving that you could easily learn it without knowing C at all.

Which Language Should You Learn First?

New Programmers

If you’ve never learned how to program before, many computer science experts would recommend learning C first. Not only is a simpler language which fewer options than its successors, but many other languages use syntax and concepts introduced by C. That means you’ll have an easier time understanding other languages after learning C.

Intermediate Programmers

If you’re already familiar with some programming concepts and you’ve learned to code in some other languages already, you may want to start with C++ instead. Object-oriented programming languages are much more common nowadays than procedural languages, and if you’ve already got some experience in OOP, you’ll find C++ easier to learn.

Advanced Programmers

If you have already learned multiple programming languages and you’re trying to increase your skill level, then your choice of the three C languages will depend on what you’re hoping to gain from the experience.

What to do, What to learn, What to know